China, Hong Kong Disneyland project management of construction tender

 Note: This information is extracted from the China, Hong Kong Disneyland project construction cost management
Hong Kong Disneyland project management
Chinese architecture of a tender, objectives and strategy
1.
Factors for Hong Kong Disneyland, China State Construction Engineering characteristics, analysis of the economic situation of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong construction market and the macro-environment within the company's future development vision and planning of the company's future from the perspective of sustainable development, the impact of the following ten aspects of a careful assessment of factors: 【Note: This is the making
(2) Hong Kong construction market due to the impact of the Asian financial crisis, has been shrinking in the next few years, a large-scale infrastructure projects and housing construction is very unlikely.
(3) Chinese architecture China Overseas Group, parent company of mm is facing a new industrial structure adjustment and expansion, the Group needed to support the construction business.
(4) group of companies is in the growing construction business management, participate in the competition will help enhance Hong Kong Disneyland project Group in Hong Kong a high degree of international competitiveness of the construction industry's core market for overseas business development reserve management personnel and technical support.
(5) to give up contracting business into other investment areas are less likely. China Overseas Group is a to general contracting construction project management of large companies mainly developed completely out of their familiar business, investment in unfamiliar areas, the group mechanism is not yet unknown risks to prevent sound.
(6) in Disneyland bid many international well-known construction companies, the competition will be fierce exception, but in the competitive process can exercise their own, constantly growing and expanding.
(7) Disneyland large-scale investment projects, sub-bidding and bidding the project difficult to predict high-risk , individual projects and project communication and coordination between the difficult, general contracting construction management difficult.
(8) Disneyland project construction period is short, progress is extremely harsh terms, the occurrence of schedule delays (LD) when the overdue high amount of fines.
(9) for the Disney theme park projects, such as Tomorrowland, Fantasyland, Adventureland, Main Street, USA and Victorian architectural style of the Disney classic six-star hotel has a unique cultural connotation of the project construction management experience in form of gaps in performance, project management, management processes and process control is difficult. Therefore, the choice has experience in the construction of Disney theme park construction of water formed joint venture in Japan to participate in tomorrow's world, fantasy world and Disney hotels three projects management and implementation, can reduce and avoid risks.
(10) general contracting company projects in international business philosophy and management models, have a deep understanding and good experience.
2. formulate a strategy < br> integrated development of the company's future vision and the ten years of assessment factors and the company's bidding strategy for all possible programs (such as a comprehensive bidding strategy, strategic partners and the single item auction bidding strategies strategy), the company repeated the strategic decision-making analysis, research and demonstration projects identified Disneyland bidding strategy, management strategy, organizational strategy and ultimate goal of policy.
(1) bidding strategy: active participation, an independent bid, key projects, determined to win.
(2 ) management strategies: centralized management, classification implementation, project responsibilities as the most important risk control for the first.
(3) organizational strategy: leadership within the company take the lead in integrating all the resources, integration of social resources, composition of lean, efficient, ability, level of the implementation of the project management team with high project management.
(4) the ultimate goal of strategy: building the brand occupying high-end market, expanding the company's market share, enhance the company's social reputation and influence, improve the company's profitability and market competitiveness .
Second, bid preparation
bid in the market under the rules of conduct of a business is a market, competitors and evaluate their own grasp of the process, the core content of the price and distribution and risk assessment . As the complexity of the project and the one-time presence features, and Disneyland set diversity, complexity and scale in one, the bidding process but also the performance factors for multi-precision, systematic analysis, evaluation and interpretation of trade-off process. determined according to the company's Standard time is very tight project to do, if not advance as much control over the details and make the appropriate preparedness and response measures to be more difficult to grasp and standard quality assurance, or even wrong, causing irreparable damage. Hong Kong's IT development and the public, the government official in the 12 months before the tender period of time, through the published information and related sources of information access and collection, by the same government departments, engineering consultants contacts and exchanges, to understand and grasp more and The engineering data and engineering information, including:
(1) the characteristics and difficulties of the project;
(2) the project contains sub items, scale and requirements;
(3) of the special sub-projects and specific requirements for designated projects and content owners to undertake these projects on the professional contractor and the contractor's intention specified;
(4) owners of engineering consultants the requirements and expectations of the contractor; < br> (5) special requirements of the contract (one by milestone payments, and second, a large amount of overdue fines);
(6) Special technical standards (theme park project are the implementation of U.S. standards);
( 7) The special requirements of materials, products and equipment details.
2.
market survey market survey covers the local market, regional and international markets, for the purpose of the investigation and preparation of tender documents for the provision of standard the basis of detailed and reliable information. investigation include:
(1) human resources. According to the characteristics and requirements of this project, the required distribution of various types of professionals in the market, market supply and demand trends, cost market conditions.
( 2) labor force. various professional and technical workers in the market supply and demand dynamics, market costs, in particular the special needs of the project workers to provide expertise in market dynamics, distribution, marketing costs.
(3) the professional engineering construction company operating conditions, economic conditions, management, social aspects of deep faith information.
(4) materials, substances, equipment, market dynamics, price trends, etc..
3. competitor analysis
competitor analysis is the entire process of bidding a major management and strategy work. In Hong Kong, where new projects, especially large and extra large projects before the introduction of the community have a broad understanding of the construction company will be passed between the various methods and channels to understand the intentions and strategies of competitors bidding, and sometimes predict the project, which company is most likely to bid. usually in the bid, should the initial understanding and knowledge of competitors, the situation is as follows:
(4) whether the past 3-6 months, the Government (owners) issued a warning letter (Warning Letter) and bad reports (Adverse Report);
(5 ) rival bid for state analysis. is positive stable, or aggressive; is determined to win, or aim at participation.
4. Analysis of internal resources
(1) management staff. Following a thorough combing and presentation, the conclusion is: the company has sufficient resources (including managerial personnel, engineering and technical personnel, contract business management, etc.) composed of high quality, rich experience in project management, basic management team to undertake the Disney project. As the construction market downturn, still missing Number of special high-quality personnel, but Hong Kong is still rich after winning, easy real-time recruitment posts.
(2) financial position. Because of its financial system is sound and complete, long-term business in good condition, nearly 45 under construction construction project is progressing well, well, normal for projects income, every month the normal flow of 1-2 million capital reserve. Although the project funds have a greater risk of the contract, initially estimated the worst case, the accounts will be The 4 billion a month of negative liquidity position, but the company good credit, the bank can give financial support at any time.
auction house Disneyland project there are two key issues (human and financial capital), are in anticipation of , there are proper solutions can support the company's final bid to determine the specific strategies and approaches: 12 May, passed the qualification examination of five construction companies or joint venture contract was formally invited to participate in the amount of the single largest project mm Disneyland civil and infrastructure works for a (CV/2000/09) of the tender. Chinese architecture is eligible to participate in one of 5 companies bid on June 29, 2001 started the bidding, the tender period 60d.
1.
working group composed of the tender of the project basically civil engineering project types, the tender by the Figure 2-1.
(1) leading the bidding group: led by the head of the company in charge of (book author), the company composed of relevant departments.
(2) organizational leadership bids : headed by the General Manager of Civil Engineering, responsible for the bidding of the project work of the organization and leadership; by the Civil Division Deputy General Manager responsible for the bidding of the project the specific organizational arrangements.
(3) Appraisers: Selected 15 years of valuation experience in Hong Kong, the valuation of many large-scale projects successfully repeated Mr. Ma served as a senior valuer; select two 8 years of experience in the valuation valuer Mr Lau, Mr Yip did Mr. Ma's assistant.
(4) Project Manager: selected more than 15 years experience experienced senior project manager (SPM) Mr Chong as the election of several of 8-10 years of experience engineers to work together.
(5) Quantity Surveyors ( Quantity Surveyor, referred to as QS): the Civil Division Deputy General Manager responsible for coordinating all the resources to do related work on time and accurately.
(6) clerks, draftsmen: the two.
company also decided that, as The project won the bid, will be present in other projects the project manager Tsai office as a project manager. Therefore, full participation in the bidding process Tsai Jiang, and can use its existing resources to assist with project work.
2. to develop detailed The bidding schedule
the bidding time is only 60d, bidding was very nervous. The more detailed the more specific work, the quality of the higher bid, the company assumed the smaller the potential risks. As the bidding companies involved in high-level of self- the various departments under the leadership of the company, such as clear and detailed prior arrangement, all aspects of the work can be of mutual cooperation and coordination to ensure orderly, to avoid accidents during the bidding process to ensure the smooth progress of the bidding.
bidding scheme arrangements must define a few key processes, key time, the key content, then according to the established arrangements, generally can not arbitrarily change, in order to ensure orderly bidding.
the key process, related with the party shall within the time prescribed by the required to complete its work to ensure that necessary in order according to prescribed procedures for work, otherwise the process will cause some intermittent pauses, influence the progress and quality of work. each process as a barrier, there must be a responsible person is responsible for checking guard to ensure that such phenomenon does not occur.
bidding process, there are many important issues to be leaders and relevant departments of the company leaders decided to make a decision. To do this work, leadership is not only the decision makers, must also be participants, on the whole process must be familiar with and understand the work required to participate in leadership and decision-making matters should be arranged in advance, the key elements and critical time in writing to determine the good for everyone, easy to work and allow time for pre-arranged to ensure the smooth progress of the bidding.
3. key processes and critical time
(1) Description of capital projects: ① the general arrangements for the start of the bid within 7-10d after. ② Participants: leaders in charge of the company, the company relevant department heads, all the staff of Tender. ③ time: 2h.
(2) construction program description: ① general arrangements after the beginning of the tender within 15-20d. ② participants: company leaders in charge of the tender on the relevant personnel group , invited staff. ③ Time :2-4h.
(3) That the signing of the agreement marked the former list of projects and sub-contractors: some trends in the market price may go up was a subcontractor, material and equipment suppliers, required to sign the contract before bidding to avoid the risk. ① general arrangement in the bidding before the deadline 3-5d. ② Participants: leaders in charge of the company, the relevant department heads, Head of the contract and handling personnel. ③ time: 1-2h
(4) the tender price analysis will be: ① the general arrangements for two, before the deadline in the tender 5d and 2d. ② Participants: leaders in charge of the company, Head of Civil Engineering, team leader bidding to host the valuation division. ③ time :3-4h. ④ working group in the whole bidding process, price analysis will be frequently discussed by the group make their own arrangements, this arrangement is not in the list.
(5) risk analysis will be: ① general in the bidding deadline 3d. ② participants: company leaders in charge, head of civil engineering, bidding team leader, relevant personnel. ③ time :3-4h.
(6) calibration would: ① two general arrangements, 20h before the deadline in the tender and 4h. ② participants: company leaders in charge, head of civil engineering, bidding working group, organized by appraisers. ③ time :3-4h and 1h.
4. tendering work of the meeting that matters
(1) as it involves quite a large number of meetings, the content is also critical, so need to arrange for proper advance so that all were able to attend the meeting in order to maintain smooth bidding.
(2) bidding Group internal meeting, the head of discretion, flexibility, no pre-determined.
(3) who attended the meeting, is to ensure that operational requirements. not related to personnel not to participate as much as possible, so as not to leak, resulting in the loss.
four , the tender price of the tender process
price process shown in Figure 2-2.
five, bidding price and Analysis
1.
the composition of total bid price of all bidders through the 50d day and night staff continuous work, the tender of this project before the deadline to make the first bid price. The composition of total bid price in Table 2-1. 【Note: Please note that the table where the cost of project components.】
2. the accuracy of price points
accuracy is a relative concept, it management level, management related. to accomplish the same content of a project, the cost of a company is 100 million, while the costs of Company B may be 85 million Hong Kong dollar. For a company, such as the price of 100 million Hong Kong dollars of the project, the price is 100% accurate; and B companies, such as price of 85 million, its price for 100% accuracy. Accuracy also bidding strategy related to the different bidding strategy, the accuracy is also different. on a particular project, such as the companies make, enterprises such as to make % difference, or even higher.
accuracy is the key to the . ) caused less competitive tender price was the subject of lost opportunities. The reality is that after the end of each bid, and soon will find that the accuracy of price problems, and too much deviation. Therefore, the can be regarded as a certain scale on the price scale, but practice it, the estimate is accurate, able to successfully carry out the works after winning the psychological and spiritual support available to provide the material guarantee. Therefore, the total price in the bidding before the final decision on the tender cost of the project directly and confirm the accuracy of the analysis is a vital work and management processes.
3.
project start-up analysis of about 70% of start-up costs for the project management staff salaries, welfare payments, so the organizational structure of the project management team set review is the key, particularly for staffing and quality of personnel is the main content of the review form. The leading group of bidders and bid a detailed analysis of the Joint Working Group study, the total price bid for the first time in the start-up costs to make the following recommendations: < br> (1) for the Disneyland project characteristics must also increase a Green Manager and a senior contract manager.
(2) All office equipment items, the principle of executive vehicles from the existing projects on the call, do not buy new.
(3) other reasonable costs. (Note: the consultants all the costs of resident site staff are used as detailed in the contract shall be provided according to one, so no need to review)
4. Mechanical The accuracy of cost analysis
focus is on large-scale need to purchase new machinery and equipment review and analysis. First, the need for the purchase of new and cost implications; Second, sharing the cost of the purchase of new reimbursement methods. as are the market rent, you need to buy new equipment with a cost comparison, the production needs to ensure that the principles of construction, the use of low-cost solution to mechanical equipment. the project when the construction program planning to determine the rent to buy with the principle of settlement construction machinery Therefore, the lease price when you buy a combination of valuation methods, the cost is acceptable.
5. the main materials of the accuracy of the cost of materials
the accuracy of the main analytical focus is the large number of expensive materials. in analysis, the relevant departments and personnel must present the same material in the past 12 months the price change analysis data; predict the future 12-month change in the price of the same material analyzed data; the same material, three or more materials, suppliers offer analysis information. After analysis, that the prices of some materials there is still some room for reduction, re-negotiation should be carried out after the adjustment. but most of the price is in line with the status quo.
6. subcontract costs of major projects in the accuracy of
project implementation process of using the sub-construction industry in Hong Kong a common phenomenon. sub-contract price of the total cost of increasing the proportion of sub-cost analysis of the accuracy of the analysis is the price accuracy focus. subcontractor cost analysis of the accuracy, is not only a technical problem with the subcontractor must also business ethics, integrity, management, financial strength, combined together with past performance and other analysis. in the analysis and evaluation, the relevant departments and personnel are required to provide the following information:
(1) the same item more than 3 sub-contractor quotations and analysis of data;
(2) the relevant sub-contractors in the past 3 years, performance assessment data;
(3 ) The strength of sub-contractors (management, finance, machinery, real estate, etc.) evaluation of data;
(4) important and highly technical sub-professional programs, the need to provide the technical solutions of construction subcontractors. < br> 7.
conclusions after repeated analysis, there are several items that the valuation is not accurate enough and should be re-checked and reviewed:
(1) Engineering Department, the Department must contract with the Ministry and the tender part of subcontractor meetings, re-negotiation, hope to have further room for reduction, to ensure that the total price competitive. 【Note: Please think of these three departments contractor's responsibility. extension of thinking: the owners also have a need to establish the appropriate department?】
(2) 3 designated by the Government green sub-contractors, purchase of 4.2 billion Hong Kong dollars, respectively, 3.9 billion Hong Kong dollars, 2.04 billion Hong Kong dollars, we use the lowest, but also with the highest offer (4.2 billion) poor doubled To re-examination and review.
(3) offer flower mud, three sub-contractors offer for 110 yuan / m3, 74 元 / m3, 35 元 / m3, I am using the lowest bid, their accuracy and reliability of how to re-examine and review.
(4) In view of some sub-contractors sub-projects undertaken is critical, significant impact on the price is very aggressive (lower prices), proposed: ① standards before signing an agreement with them , its one-time fixed price and contract conditions, the successful tenderer does not make any adjustments after; ② ask them to buy a bank guarantee or cash security, the total subcontract price in the range of 5% -10%.
(5) costs related to technical measures, insurance costs and taxes, because of their small numbers, and the Government clearly stipulates that pricing can be requested.
day and night through the relevant departments and personnel work, these questions were repeated examination and review, made necessary and appropriate adjustments, but compared with the original purchase, no significant changes are large.
six, the final bid price to determine
1. bid price to determine the overall level of assessment and the total of bids
a comprehensive assessment of the overall level of prices and quantities determined by calculation based on the list, price list, the material suppliers, subcontractors and a list of quotations, the past similar to the analysis and comparison of actual cost information, etc..
(1) assessment and evaluation to determine accuracy. mainly refers to the sub-parts valuation of the project if the basis of whether the actual construction and construction requirements of the program, whether high or low pricing situation. Try not to pricing, valuation, summary An error occurred during the specific operation.
(2) the reliability of the assessment and valuation. mainly refers to the various types of valuation is in line with market practice, consider whether changes in the market factors. within the next few years to fully consider the possible changes in the market price adjustment, will not lead to inaccurate valuation now, miscalculation, and cost control.
(3) the integrity of the assessment and valuation. mainly refers to the various types of valuation without omissions, various types of adjustment costs in the process of skill exhaustive and produce errors.
2. the risks and opportunities analysis and evaluation of opportunities
mm winning the overall level of assessment, to be on the whole project risks and opportunities that may exist in a detailed analysis and make decisions. and consolidate the working group under the bid after the data analysis, the project if successful has the following opportunities: 【Press: scale (BQ), the reinforced concrete bridge assembly of precast number 40, while the contract by the Department of Engineering and calculated that the actual needs of 80, less than half, so the bridge assembly of precast in the normal price on the unit price Additional add 50 million / piece, the potential benefits are: 80 t50 million / piece = 4000 million.
(2) the terms of the tender in particular, when the construction site preparation, digging the surface soil to be 300-600mm thick , and in the quantities indicated in digging the surface soil is 10-20mm, very different. according to customary practices in Hong Kong, the price shall be in accordance with the requirements of Quantities pricing; construction, as shown in the requirements and the requirements of BQ not the same, subject to the drawings, the price will be adjusted according to the practice of drawing labeled. So in the valuation, the total price of 1.5 yuan / m2. such as by special specifications according to the construction of 300-600mm thick, then the actual price should be to 75 / m2, potential benefits are: (75-1.5) yuan / m2t872145m2a64102658 million, or 64.1 million Hong Kong dollars.
(3) drawing through the pump house structure, the detailed calculations, the actual number of 40-bar number 2 BQ times, so in calculating the unit price of 40 steel increased by 10 times, from the normal price of 3390 yuan / t to mention the 33,900 yuan / t, alone, may be potential benefits to 84 million Hong Kong dollars.
(4) according to Geological Survey maps and drawings, calculations, during the excavation of this project will greatly exceed the number of tender stone estimated 30 million m3, this part of the stone can be used in other projects on the site, and marked the tender to purchase the stone from the site other than the number of can be substantially reduced, the stones excavated site, occurs only for transportation within the site, this part of the potential benefits to be 2200 million.
3. the risks and opportunities the implementation of risk analysis and assessment mm
under After the bidding group and consolidate the data analysis, the implementation of the project has the following risks:
(1) the tender period is short, all kinds of raw materials needed to spend mud all over the world to purchase and test with, trial production, price may be risky, according to available information, the lower valuation, the potential risk has been calculated to 1500 million.
(2) as indicated on the tender pre-cast reinforced concrete beam to the tender price to be marked at the same time. by analysis and calculation of the price of Reinforced Concrete Beam to 143.16 million Hong Kong dollars, while the sub-contractors offer (after repeated after bargaining) for 213.36 million Hong Kong dollars, there are potential risks for the 70.2 million Hong Kong dollars.
4. the risks and opportunities analysis Assessment mm consensus
(l) the opportunity to add up to four, with the potential benefits of 2.1 billion Hong Kong dollars, but this is uncertain. successful implementation of the project after the process, all the prior cases are expected to dynamic, change, so this 210 million dollar a reference only as a factor in the final decision.
(2) the probability of chance occurrence is still very large, and the other four competitors certainly will find and use these opportunities, so those opportunity does not have the uniqueness and only me sex. To ensure a competitive price, the potential benefits of risk in the red level to ensure the safety of the premise of price, can be pre-subtracted from the total price of parts, minus the magnitude of the working group by the Tender a proposal, to be studied and decided.
(3) there is the risk of a total of 8,500 were quantified million. It was suggested that risk may be less than expected. For example: Landscaping is a professional engineering, is confirmed to be held by the Hong Kong Government Landscaping Contractors in licensing can undertake this single project. currently used as a subcontractor the lowest price and the price disparities; the company does not undertake the past had such a large number of garden projects, growing needs of 1.3 million soil m3, and is using the U.S. standards, raw materials procurement to go around the world, price is realistic, mind did not end so.
(4) After analysis, the last of risk analysis to assess the formation of the following consensus: ① Fan is now clear for the risk items, price adjustment can be adjusted as much as possible, from the price risk will be eliminated, such as the price from 25 yuan to spend mud / m3 adjusted to 35 yuan / m3. In fact, after winning in the project implementation process, found that price was too low flower mud, and in the implementation process for the project left the potential risks and difficulties. ② involving contracts for a large amount of sub-projects, with the standard sub-contractors before signing an agreement and asked for bank performance guarantee or cash security; ③ difficult to determine in advance the risk of individual projects can be used to offset the potential benefits of the approach to be resolved.
5. contractual terms of the bid price of the contract terms of the tender price
have a great impact must be careful analysis and research. to the tender terms and requirements of the special assessment in the bidding documents to analyze the contents and wording, as appropriate, and OK. contract terms can not be changed, the contractor choose to use only the tender price (high or low, increase or decrease) the contract terms to balance the potential opportunities and risks.
6. bid price of the final decision (business decisions and administrative decisions) mm bidding
the first meeting for the first time business decisions meeting by the group leader in charge with the Civil Engineering Department is mainly responsible team leader to participate in the tender. meeting of Tender under the overall balance of risks and opportunities made after: To ensure that this project successful, should ensure a reliable basis for cost on, the potential opportunities that may arise after the balance of risks and potential benefits of all the less, the use of zero profit, zero-risk principle of the tender, while the Hong Kong dollar 2.023 billion proposed bid price. the participants to fully express their views and opinions , the two sides together for the view:
square (to adhere to the 2.023 billion dollar bid price) of the arguments and reasons:
(1) price may be low, but there is no direct cost price. Since the project large scale, multi-professional type, can strengthen the management of the whole construction process to obtain additional income, to make a profit.
(2) opportunities for potential benefits that might arise were 210 million Hong Kong dollars, this did not all lose, but also there are 63 million Hong Kong dollars in hand, there are some insurance factor.
(3) If successful, in material procurement, engineering sub-process may have some benefits.
(4) long-term shrinkage of the construction market in Hong Kong , has been a long time did not launch such a large project, companies are likely in the price and amazing ideas on the program, the tactics, the partial move, do everything possible to snatch the project.
(5) This one is a Disney project The first park is the largest single project, grab a bridgehead war, winning for the second single project to create a favorable location and condition.
Opposition (2.023 billion against the dollar at cheap price as the bid) the arguments and reasons:
(1) Disneyland project is a project the United States intellectual property rights, the first to undertake such a project, its specific content, no clear requirements and a clear understanding and knowledge, there are many uncertainties and unknown factors such as low prices, the future course of project implementation, an encounter risks and unforeseen factors, it could produce a series of questions and a chain reaction.
(2) Landscaping is an important engineering projects of Disney, one of a lot of trees to go to New Zealand, Australia, Malaysia and other countries to buy, the price of the selected subcontractors lower than other sub-contractors more than 200 million Hong Kong dollars, the next problem if sub-contractors, the whole project will be greatly affected, the risk large.
(3) to participate in the competition five Gammon Construction and building units only two companies of the Company as an independent company to bid for the other three bidders are composed of 2-3 international companies involved in joint venture bid, according to many years of experience in international cooperation, joint venture management fees will be separate auction than a company is much higher profits set at between 5% -10%. Gammon Construction is a foreign background the company, most employees foreigners, their labor costs, management fees, profit expectations are relatively high, so the profit of the company is added, the total price will be lower than they are, but should not be possible in advance minus the potential benefits, so there risk components, adhere to at least plus 2 million up, it can accept.
can be seen from the above debate, the arguments are justified. The difference is that the premise of winning square is guaranteed to all thinking to hesitate to take risks to achieve the target, only the total price of the tender on an issue, the lower the bid price, the greater the likelihood of winning; Opposition also believes that winning is the important thing, but it should be safe in terms of price, the risk minimize ...